Heat Shrink Tubing Sizes Explained

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Heat Shrink Tubing Sizes Explained

What size heat shrink should you use?  If you’re new to heat shrink tubing it can be a bit confusing at first.  Heat shrink has a couple different measurements that work hand-in-hand, and in this post, (and video), we want you understand what to look for to help you choose the right size heat shrink tubing.

Heat Shrink Tubing Sizes Explained

Watch the Video

How to Choose the Right Heat Shrink Tubing Size

Heat Shrink Tubing has multiple measurements that you need to know so you don’t make a mistake when picking out a size for your application.  The three main things to know are:

Inner Diameter

Shrink Ratio

Before & After Measurements

Inner Diameter is the actual measurement used to identify the size of heat shrink tubing.  It is the length of the tubing from one side to another (or diameter), measured from the inside of the tubing.  Heat Shrink tubing products are identified by the inner diameter measurement before the heat shrink is shrunk.

Diameter of a Circle

Shrink Ratio refers to how much something shrinks and is a before & after measurement, (or ratio).  A 2:1, (said “2 to 1”), ratio for example, would start 2 times larger than what it can shrink down to.  Some common shrink ratios are 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 6:1.

Heat Shrink Tubing Shrink Ratio Comparison

Before & After Measurements are exactly what they sound like: measurements of the heat shrink product before and after it is shrunk.

To make sure you purchase the correct size of tubing, you really need to mix and match knowledge from these three points, so let’s explore that quickly.  As we do that, we’ll explore in a little more depth how knowing a bit about each of the above three topics proves helpful in choosing the right sized heat shrink tubing.

Inner Diameter

As stated above, inner diameter is what we use to identify the actual size of a tube.  Let’s say you have a hose you want to cover with heat shrink and the hose is about ¾ of an inch, (or 0.75 inches).  You could quickly go look for ¾ inch heat shrink, but that would be a mistake.  What you really want is heat shrink that starts larger than ¾ inch but ultimately shrinks down a bit smaller than ¾ inch.  The reason for this is that you want the heat shrink to easily fit over what you are trying to protect to begin with, and to still shrink down tight to give you the performance from the heat shrink you need.  So, in the case of a the ¾ hose, let’s choose something a bit larger as our starting point and go with a 1-inch heat shrink tubing.

Shrink Ratio

Next, Shrink Ratio.  How far do you need the heat shrink to shrink?  It’s important to remember that shrink ratio is a ratio and not a size.  Most heat shrink tubing sellers or manufacturers, (ourselves included), will typically categorize heat shrink by shrink ratio.  For example, on our site, we have categorized our heat shrink products into 2:1, (said “2 to 1”), 3:1, 4:1, and 6:1 heat shrink tubing.  So, going back to our 1-inch heat shrink tubing example, if we were to get 1 inch tubing in all these shrink ratios, they would all shrink down to very different sizes, as shown in the table below.

Shrink Ratio

Before Size

After Size

2:1

1 inch

0.5 inch

3:1

1 inch

0.33 inch

4:1

1 inch

0.25 inch

6:1

1 inch

0.167 inch

Going back to the example of a hose, we could likely use a 2:1 heat shrink tubing, sized at 1 inch, that will easily fit over the hose to begin with, but shrinks down smaller than ¾ of an inch.  In truth, we could use any of the heat shrink tubing listed in the table above, but since the 2:1 works the others would just be over doing it.

Before & After Measurements

You probably already noticed, but just above we used a table that showed us some Before & After Measurements.  Whenever you are shopping for heat shrink tubing, you’ll find that the tubing has these before and after measurements available, often found in the tubing specifications, or in a data/spec sheet.  Looking at these measurements is the best way to make sure the tubing will fit over what you are trying to protect before shrinking, while still shrinking down tight once it has been shrunk.

We should mention, the way the data is listed in the table above is not how you will normally find the before and after measurements listed when you are researching heat shrink products.  Typically, you can find the before and after measurements in a table in the specifications of the heat shrink or on a data sheet.  However, they may not even use the terms “before” and “after.”  On our heat shrink products, for example, we use the more technically correct terms of “supplied” and “recovered,” which essentially are the same as “before” and “after” shrinking.

You also won’t normally see multiple shrink ratios listed alongside one another as a comparison.  What’s much more typical is to see all the sizes that one specific product is available in, alongside the sizes that those sizes shrink down to, as shown in the table below.

Gamma 2:1 Polyolefin Heat Shrink Tubing

Sizing Before (Supplied)

Sizing After (Recovered)

Tubing Size (inches)

mm

inches

mm

inches

1/4

6.4

0.25

3.2

0.125

3/8

9.5

0.37

4.8

0.187

1/2

12.7

0.5

6.4

0.25

3/4

19.1

0.75

9.5

0.375

1

25.4

1

12.7

0.5

1-1/4

31.8

1.25

15.9

0.625

1-1/2

38.1

1.5

19.1

0.75

2

50.8

2

25.4

1

Before and After measurements will give you the best data available so you can make sure you’re choosing the right size heat shrink tubing.  It’s key however, to make sure you are getting an accurate measurement of what you are trying to protect, or all the information above could be considered nearly useless to you.

How To Get An Accurate Measurement

Almost always, heat shrink tubing is used to protect some other type of tubing, like a wire, cable, or hose.  Assuming you are trying to put heat shrink onto some other kind of tube, you’re going to need to get an accurate measurement of that tube.  Just as heat shrink tubing uses diameter for its measurement, you’re going to want to measure the diameter of what it is you are trying to protect, (in this case, the outer diameter).  You can do this with a ruler or measuring tape, but the most accurate way of doing it is with a caliper, (shown below).

Measuring with Calipers
Measuring with Calipers

Calipers are incredibly accurate and make measuring things like diameters much easier.  You can also find calipers fairly easily and inexpensively, (around $10-15), although there are models that go much higher.

Whatever tool you use, you need to be thinking about the before and after measurement of heat shrink tubing when you measure. Does the heat shrink need to fit over something large when you first move it into place?  And how small does it have to shrink down to once moved into place?  For example, if you have a cable you want to put heat shrink onto, does the cable have a connector on the end that the heat shrink must fit over first?  If so, the heat shrink might need to be larger than you first anticipate and could even result in you needing to opt for a higher shrink ratio tubing.  You don’t want the heat shrink to be too tight and difficult to move into place to begin with, so give yourself breathing room.  And, as mentioned previously, make sure the heat shrink tubing shrinks down a bit smaller than whatever you are placing it onto.

So, measure the largest part you need the heat shrink to fit over, and then the smallest part that it needs to also shrink onto.  And try to get those measurements as accurate as you can.  Once you have accurate measurements, you’ll be able to, (with the information above), make sure you are choosing the right sized heat shrink tubing.

What If You Can’t Use Heat Shrink Tubing?

Sometimes you might have something you are trying to protect that you just can’t fit heat shrink tubing around.  We’ve also had customers who cannot utilize heat guns or blow torches in certain environments, and they need an alternative option.  Luckily, we offer solutions to help work around these issues.

If you have something that is an odd size or it is already installed and you can’t easily slip heat shrink tubing over it, then you might want to look at our FIX-105 tape, a heat shrinkable tape.  Heat shrink tape gives you the benefits of heat shrink tubing without it having to be an actual tube.  You wrap it and shrink it and don’t have to worry about sizing issues.

You could also use our Self-Amalgamating Tape, or “Magic Tape” in many scenarios.  We have customers use it for weatherproofing purposes all the time, so it really depends on your needs.

In other scenarios, we’ve had customers tell us they cannot use heat guns, blow torches, etc., in certain environments, but they still want a protective tubing.  Our Cold Shrink Tubing is perfect in these environments/scenarios, as it does not require any heat, or even additional tools, to be installed.

Conclusion

Hopefully you feel like you now have a better understanding of how to choose the right sized heat shrink tubing for your needs.  Is there something we missed?  Have any additional questions?  Let us know in the comments below!

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What is Plenum? What is Plenum Cable?

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What is Plenum? What is Plenum Cable?

The term “plenum,” can reference different things in different industries, but whether we’re discussing HVAC or plenum cable, it all references back to the plenum space of a building.  So, what is the plenum?  What is plenum cable?  We answer those questions and more, and you can see every plenum related question we answer in the list below.
  • What is Plenum?
  • What is Plenum Cable?
  • Plenum vs Non-Plenum Cable
  • Where to Use Different Rated Cables
  • Can I Use Non-Plenum Cable if it is in a Conduit?
  • How Do You Know if a Cable is Plenum Rated?
  • Who Tests Cables to Make Sure They Are Plenum Rated?
  • Who Sets Plenum (and Non-Plenum) Standards?
  • What is the National Electrical Code (NEC) and Why Does it Matter?
  • Is NFPA 70 and the NEC the Same Thing?
  • Why Do NEC Cable Requirements Matter?

What is Plenum?

Plenum, (pronounced PLEH-nuhm), is a separate space in a building, typically between the building’s roof and a drop-down ceiling, that is primarily set aside for air circulation.  This plenum space is purposefully designed to house HVAC equipment, (or heating, ventilation, and air conditioning).  You can think of the plenum space in a building almost as the lungs of a building.  The HVAC equipment inside the plenum pulls the air in through vents and pushes the air back out through ducts that send the air to rooms throughout the building.

The Plenum does not always have to be in a ceiling space however, as some buildings do have the plenum placed beneath the floor.  Similarly, plenum space does not only have to be used for HVAC, and it is becoming increasingly common to see communications cables, like networking cables, also utilizing the plenum.

What is Plenum?

What is Plenum Cable?

Plenum cables are cables designed specifically for use within a building’s plenum space.  Because the plenum space is used for air circulation, it is critical that anything used inside the plenum not impact air quality or increase the danger of fire.  For these reasons, plenum spaces require cables that are plenum rated, meaning that they meet higher standards like being more resistant to fire and producing less smoke in the case of a fire.

Plenum vs Non-Plenum Cable

Plenum and non-plenum cables are the same cables with one key difference: the outer jacket, (or insulation), that protects the cable.  With that in mind, essentially any cable could become a plenum cable if it had the proper, plenum rated jacket/insulation.  There are 15 different levels and/or variations of jacket ratings for cables, with the highest ratings providing the most fire-resistant jackets that also produce the least amount of smoke, (in the event of a fire).  Only the highest jacket rating, CMP, (Communications Multipurpose Plenum), technically meets the standard of being a plenum cable.  Anything not rated as CMP would be considered a non-plenum cable.

While any cable can technically be made into a plenum cable, it is more typical to see networking cables, (like Cat5e and Cat6), in plenum variations.  Coaxial cable is another popular type of cable commonly available with plenum options, as these are often used in DAS, (Distributed Antenna System), environments.

One thing that should be noted as a key difference between plenum and non-plenum cables is the cost.  The higher the jacket rating on the cable, the higher the cost will be.  But there is no doubt about the safety benefits that come with the more highly rated cables.

Where to Use Different Rated Cables

Article 800 of the National Electrical Code (NEC) stipulates where different rated cables can be used in commercial buildings.   For example,

“Plenum-rated Type CMP cables [800.179(A)] can be installed above a suspended ceiling or below a raised floor that is used for environmental air [800.3(D), 300.22(C)]. Plenum-rated communications raceways [800.182] are permitted above a suspended ceiling or below a raised floor used for environmental air, but only if the raceway contains Type CMP plenum-rated cables.”

The last part of that paragraph is what really matters, as it states only “Type CMP plenum-rated cables” are what can be used in plenum areas.  So, what exactly is the difference in these cable ratings, and where are the different rated cables allowed to be used?

CMP

Plenum

CMR

Riser

CM

General

CMP (Communications Multipurpose Plenum) rated cables have the highest fire resistance ratings compared to other cables, in addition to having a low-smoke jacket.  Also, if CMP rated cables were to be burned, they would release a very low amounts of toxic fumes.  These are the cables that are often referred to as “plenum cables” that are used in commercial buildings.  Given their excellent safety characteristics, it’s easy to understand why they would be required in plenum spaces.

CMR (Communications Multipurpose Riser) rated cables are used in commercial buildings, typically in vertical applications, like on risers.  They are less fire resistant than CMP and will release a higher level of toxic fumes if burned.  For these reasons, they are not to be used in the plenum spaces of buildings.

CM (Communications Multipurpose) rated cables are also used in commercial buildings but can be used for much more general use.  They are the least fire resistant of the three ratings and, like the CMR rated cables, will release a higher level of toxic fumes if burned.  As you probably already guessed, CM rated cables cannot be used in the plenum, or in vertical applications, (i.e., risers).

While CMP rated cables are easily the most expensive, they hold the distinct advantage of being able to be used just about anywhere in a commercial building.  The same cannot be said of CMR rated cables, and CM rated cables will be quite limited in where they can be used throughout a commercial structure.

Cable Comparison Chart

Can I Use Non-Plenum Cable If It Is In A Conduit?

Yes.  You can use non-plenum cable in a plenum space, if the cable is placed inside a plenum-rated conduit.  Plenum rated conduit has many of the same properties you find in a plenum rated, (or CMP), cable jacket, specifically that the conduit is highly fire-resistant and is also considered to be low smoke.  Using plenum-rated conduit, however, is typically more expensive than using plenum-rated cable and involves more labor.  Metal and innerduct are the most common types of plenum-rated conduits.

How Do You Know if a Cable is Plenum Rated?

Samples of cables are sent to laboratories who test them to ensure they meet the necessary plenum requirements.  There are two primary laboratories that do most of the testing for Plenum Cables: Underwriters’ Laboratories (UL) and the Electrical Testing Laboratories (ETL).  If the cables do meet the necessary testing requirements, a certificate will be provided to the cable manufacturer that states the cable met and/or passed testing requirements.  It is common for cable manufacturers to make these certificates available to their customers.

You can also look up product numbers on either the UL or ETL websites.  If you find a product on one of these sites, it is what is referred to as being “UL listed” or “ETL listed,” which means that it passed the tests performed by those respective laboratories.

Who Tests Cables to Make Sure They Are Plenum Rated?

There are two labs who are best known for testing plenum cables: Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and the Electrical Testing Laboratories (ETL).  Both are Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories, (NRTL), which means that they are recognized by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which can be particularly important in the United States.

In truth, there is no difference between UL or ETL certifications as they test to the same standards.  What is important is to make sure the cable you get is tested by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, (NRTL), like UL or ETL.  For more information about UL vs ETL certifications, we highly recommend this post from Triad Magnetics.

Who Sets Plenum (and Non-Plenum) Standards?

What cables meet plenum standards is determined by the National Fire Protection Association, (NFPA).  In truth, the NFPA is only rating the outer jacket of cables and the jacket’s fire resistance capabilities, etc.  There are over 15 different cable jacket ratings, and for the purposes of what cables qualify as being “plenum rated,” only CMP, or Communications Multipurpose Plenum, qualify.

What is the National Electrical Code (NEC) and Why Does it Matter?

The National Electrical Code, (NEC), is a set of codes and standards established by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).  Obviously the NFPA’s purpose is to promote fire safety, and the National Electrical Code’s purpose was to create a benchmark, as stated on their website:

“Adopted in all 50 states, NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC) is the benchmark for safe electrical design, installation, and inspection to protect people and property from electrical hazards.”

The NEC, (also known as NFPA 70), is not technically law, but nearly all state and local governments follow NEC guidelines and, in many cases, have made them law on a more local level.

Is NFPA 70 and the NEC the Same Thing?

Yes.  The NFPA 70 is the National Electrical Code (NEC).  The NFPA, as an organization, establishes fire codes and standards for many different applications, industries, etc.  For example, NFPA 1 is also known as the “Fire Code,” while NFPA 10 is the “Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers,” and NPFA 54 is the “National Fuel Gas Code.  You can see a list of all the NPFA codes and standards here.  NFPA 70 is just one of the many codes established by the NFPA, and the terms NFPA 70 and the National Electrical Code, (or NEC), are synonymous.

Why Do NEC Cable Requirements Matter?

As stated previously, the NEC is not technically law, but as the NFPA states, it has been “adopted in al 50 states.”  The NEC is the primarily guideline being used on state and local levels to establish electrical safety in buildings.  It is possible that some NEC standards may not be required in some areas, but it is unlikely.  Worse yet, if NEC standards are not followed, it could result in fines or loss of permits.  Additionally, in the event of a hazardous situation, (specifically loss of property or life), builders could be held liable for negligence for any code violations.

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2022 Wrap Up

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2022 Wrap Up

The holiday season is upon us, once again, which means it’s time for the Gamma Electronics’ yearly “Wrap-up.”  We have much to be grateful for this year, (as we do every year), and before going any further, I want to make sure we thank our customers and partners.  We love working with each of you and look forward to building on our working-relationships well into the future.  Thank you for your continued support.

We also like to spend a bit of time each holiday season looking back at all that has transpired in the past year.  2022 had its share of news that is worthy of reflecting upon.

Merry Christmas & Happy Holidays from Gamma Electronics

New Products

In 2022 we released several exciting, new products.  We have continued our quest to provide quality weatherproofing for coaxial cables and connections of all sizes, and early in 2022 we released Weatherproof Boots for LMR195 coaxial cables, in addition to Weatherproof Boots and Cold Shrink Tubing that work with SMA connections.  We continue to find ways to weatherproof even the smallest coax connections up to IP68 standards, (and often higher).

Beyond Coaxial Weatherproofing, in 2022 we introduced our first products specific to the DAS, (Distributed Antenna Systems), market.  This past summer we released our revolutionary, Multi-Cable Stripping Tool, which makes it possible to strip multiple types of cable, (including CommScope and RFS), with a single tool.  We also introduced RF Compression Connectors alongside the Multi-Cable Stripping Tool, as these connectors will also work with multiple types of cables. These two new products have made it easier than ever for contractors to work with coaxial cables from different manufacturers, while improving efficiency and reducing costs.

New Training Content

In addition to new products, we also continue to provide content designed to help answer questions and assist our customers in achieving the best possible experience with Gamma products.  This past year we released content about using heat shrink tubing, heat shrink tape, cold shrink tubing, and how to weatherproof coaxial connections.  We also tried to tackle difficult questions about wildfire safety and heat shrink tubing.

The goal for our team at Gamma Electronics’ is not to just make great products but is also to provide content that will help our customers and partners feel confident not just in our products, but in how to correctly use our products to ensure best results.  Please feel free to let us know in the comments below if there is content we can provide that will help you better understand our products and/or how to use them.

2022 Holiday Hours

As a quick sidenote for the 2022 Holiday Season, our offices will be closed the week of December 26 through December 30, with our team returning to the office on January 2, 2023.    Being that our office is closed on weekends, we ask that if you need anything from our team before the end of the year, please make sure to reach out to the appropriate Gamma contact before Friday, December 23.

Looking Ahead to 2023

While 2022 kept us plenty busy we are even more excited for all that 2023 will bring.  As mentioned previously, we have only begun building out our DAS product line, and we will have exciting updates for this product line to come in early 2023.  But while we’re excited about our DAS lineup, that is not all that we have planned for 2023.  So please, keep a lookout in your inbox, on our blog, or on social media for updates in the months to come.

Merry Christmas & Happy Holidays

To “wrap things up,” I would like to again say thank you on behalf of the entire Gamma Electronics team.  We know that you have choices available to you in who you do business with, and we are grateful every time you choose to work with us.  Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays from the Gamma Electronics team.

Best Wishes,

Cameron Lanier

Director of Marketing and Media Communications

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Introducing the Multi-Cable Stripping Tool

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Introducing the Multi-Cable Stripping Tool

We are pleased to announce a new addition to our Cable Assembly product line: the Multi-Cable Stripping Tool.

The Multi-Cable Stripping Tool is a unique new product that makes it possible to strip multiple types of coaxial cable, even cable from different manufacturers, with a single tool.  We have purposefully released the Multi-Cable Stripping Tool alongside some additional products, our new RF Compression Connectors, which are designed to be installed on coaxial cables following the cable stripping process, (click here for more information about our RF Compression Connectors).

Introducing the Multi-Cable Stripping Tool

Multi-Cable Stripping Tool Introduction Video

As the name states, our Multi-Cable Stripping Tool is capable of stripping multiple types of cables, including air and foam dielectric cables, as well as cables from different manufacturers.  This is made possible by the different bushings that can be interchanged on the bottom of the tool.  Each bushing is designed to help cables entering the tool perfectly align so that they are stripped correctly.

The Multi-Cable Stripping Tool comes with 3 bushings.  Want to strip a CommScope copper shielded cable?  Use the 620 bushing.  CommScope Aluminum Cable?  Use the 630 bushing.  RFS Copper Shielded Cable?  Use the 650 bushing.  The number on each bushing references a size, (in millimeters), that ensures different types of cables line up correctly once inserted into the stripping tool.

Multi-Cable Stripping Tool assembled

The bushings can be easily interchanged with one another, as there is a simple screw towards the bottom of the Multi-Cable Stripping Tool that, once loosened, will release the bushing.  Once the desired bushing is put in place, you simply tighten the screw once more to secure the bushing into place.

Our Multi-Cable Stripping Tool also features a stopping point, meaning the tool will not continue to strip once it has stripped the necessary amount.  It is possible for the tool to continue to spin, but because of the built-in stopping point, it will not continue to cut/strip the cable.

The tool can be used by hand via the T-Handle, or the T-Handle can be detached, allowing the Multi-Cable Stripping Tool to be directly inserted into a drill.

Multi-Cable Stripping Tool in Pieces
Multi-Cable Stripping Tool on Drill

Multi-Cable Stripping Tool – Key Features Video

The Multi-Cable Stripping Tool comes with the 3 different sized bushings, 2 allen wrenches, 1 dental pick (for finesse cleaning of stripped cables), a cutting tool, and a carrying pouch.

Multi-Cable Stripping Tool - Complete Package

Multi-Cable Stripping Tool

The Multi-Cable Stripping Tool is available now, and you can find out more Information about the tool and accessories here, or by clicking on a button below.  You can also learn more about the recently released RF Compression Connectors, by clicking here.

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Introducing RF Compression Connectors

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Introducing RF Compression Connectors

We are pleased to announce some new additions to our Cable Assembly product line; RF Compression Connectors.  The connectors are made for coaxial cables and are available in 4.3-10 and Type N, (both male and female).  These RF Compression Connectors have been purposefully released alongside another new product, our Multi-Cable Stripping Tool, (which you can learn more about here).

Introducing RF Compression Connectors

See the RF Compression Connectors Being Installed

As the name states, these connectors are installed by means of compression and can be quickly and easily installed in the field, (if necessary).  The connectors are installed in a few, simple steps.  After stripping the cable, take the provided o-ring and slide it into the third “valley,” or corrugation of exposed cable. Then, slide the lower half of the connector over the o-ring and onto the cable.  Attach the other half of the connector, and torque it tight.

RF Compression Connectors

Our RF Compression Connectors have excellent test results, with VSWR less than 1.2 and Return Loss less at -21 dB.  The connectors are available in 4.3-10 and Type N variations, both male and female.

RF Compression Connectors Compatibility

Perhaps the most impressive feature of these new connectors, is their wide compatibility.  Our RF Compression Connectors work with CommScope cables, both aluminum and copper, as well as Radio Frequency System (RFS) cables, in addition to our own.

You can see the compatibility specifics in the table below.

RF Compression Connectors Compatibility

Cable Brand

Part Number

Commscope (Copper Shielded)

HL4RPV-50

Commscope (Aluminum Shielded)

AL4RPV-50

Radio Frequency Systems (Aluminum Shielded)

ICA12-50JPLLW

Radio Frequency Systems (Copper Shielded)

RFSICA12-50JPL

Gamma Electronics

PLN-CU-50

Gamma Electronics

PLN-AL-50

Gamma Electronics

STF50-LSZH-1/2

Commscope

LDF4-50A

Introducing our RF Compression Connectors Video

RF Compression Connectors

Our new, RF Compression Connectors are available now.  You can learn more about them here, or by clicking on a button below.  You can also learn more about our new Multi-Cable Stripping Tool, which makes it possible to strip multiple coaxial cable types with a single tool, by clicking here.

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